Brief-review:
Molecular biology is the field of biology that studies the structure, function, and interactions of molecules within living organisms, particularly focusing on the molecular basis of heredity and protein synthesis. It delves into the intricate world of biomolecules like DNA, RNA, and proteins, examining how they interact and carry out essential biological processes.
Molecular basis of life: It investigates the molecular mechanisms that underpin biological processes, including heredity (DNA replication, gene expression, and protein synthesis).
Molecular biology has revolutionized medicine by providing tools to understand and treat diseases at the molecular level. This includes developing diagnostic tests, personalized treatments, and targeted therapies based on an individual's genetic makeup and the molecular characteristics of their disease.
Interdisciplinary nature:
Molecular biology overlaps with and is closely related to other fields like biochemistry, genetics, cell biology, and biophysics.
What will be on the course?
The course provides basic knowledge of the mechanisms of molecular systems that control biological processes, methods for obtaining knowledge about them and the properties of biological molecular systems. Molecular biology focuses the interactions between different cellular systems, including DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis as well as how these interactions are regulated in biological systems. The central dogma of molecular biology is a theory asserting that the flow of genetic information is unidirectional, in which DNA is converted into RNA and RNA is converted into proteins or RNA directly forms proteins. It also creates a basis for introducing gene and cell therapies and other biomedical advances into general medical practice.
Molecular biology has played a significant role in the advancement of biotechnology and medicine. The application of molecular biology has allowed us to do alterations in the living organisms at the molecular level in order to enhance their lifestyle and prevent them from diseases.
BIOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS Biotechnology has multiple applications in various fields such as healthcare and medicine, environmental protection, agriculture and food security. Genetic engineering, biopharmaceuticals, bioinformatics, stem cell biology are some important fields of biotechnology.
The central dogma of molecular biology is a theory asserting that the flow of genetic information is unidirectional, in which DNA is converted into RNA and RNA is converted into proteins or RNA directly forms proteins.
Target audience: The program is designed for senior medical students (4th-6th years), residents, and postgraduates.
Curriculum (short description of course)
1. The subject of molecular biology. The central dogma of molecular biology.
2. Cellular bases of heredity: cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis. the structure and morphology of chromosomes. Chromosomal mutations. Chromatin. Levels of chromatin compaction. The structural organization of nucleosomes. Histone proteins.
3. Structure and functions of nucleic acids. Nuclear DNA replication, DNA Repair. A model of mitochondrial DNA replication.
4. Gene expression: Transcription and Translation. Synthesis of RNA, Structure of messenger RNA (messenger RNA), transport RNA, ribosomal RNAs. Small nuclear RNAs, small RNAs, and their functions. Ribozymes. Mechanisms of epigenetic regulation of gene expression. RNA processing.
5. Translation: from gene to protein. Principles of protein biosynthesis. The genetic code.
6. Mutations, mutagenesis. Classification of mutations. Mechanisms of DNA repair. Mechanisms of development of monogenic and multifactorial diseases at the molecular and cellular levels.
7. Problems of cell death: apoptosis and necrosis. The Hayflick limit and cell aging.
8. Regulation of the cell cycle, DNA replication and repair. Genetic control of the cell cycle. Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. The general mechanism of cyclin-SDK regulation.
9. Molecular medical biology. Carcinogenesis. Cancer genetics. Oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes.
10. Basic methods of DNA analysis. Methods of nucleic acid hybridization.
11. Gene technology. Various methods of DNA sequencing. Genomic analysis: DNA typing. The International Project “Human Genome”. The main characteristics of the human genome.
12. Basic principles of gene and cell therapy, their application in clinical practice.
Total duration of course in hours: 38 hours
Admission conditions: higher education diploma, university certificate for medical students.
Training format: online, offline
Language of teaching: English
Issued Document: Certificate of professional retraining of the established sample
After studying the discipline the student should know:
1. The subject of molecular biology, the basic methods of molecular biological and molecular genetic analysis. Fundamentals of the biological implementation of the human genotype at the molecular level.
2. The basic principles of the implementation of human genetic information at the organismic and molecular level. Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis. structure and morphology of chromosomes and their relationship with some hereditary and acquired pathologies.
3. The main methods of molecular genetic studies of human heredity,
4. The main provisions and principles of gene and cell therapy in modern clinical practice.
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